peitt



5 Sheets-Sheet 1.

J.PRATT.' MBGHANIGAL TYPOGR'APHER.

No. 81,000. Patented Aug. 1.1, 1868'.

Witnesses; Inventor:

5 Sheets--Sheet 2.

J. PRATT. MECHANICAL TYPOGRAPHBR.

N0. 81,000. Patented Aug.'11, 1868.

w,tnesses Inventor:

v '5 Sheets-Sl1eet 3,.

J PRATT. MECHANICAL TYPOGRAPHER.

No. 01,000. Patented Aug. 11, 1000.

I A A A 0 e Z. A Permit 0 v 1 .1 K 0= 0 7Q z 0.} "a a nu A .!.L I a, a A.I 5 1 U Inventor: Wm

Witnesses;

Gan a 361W 5 Sheets-Sheet 5.

J. PRATT. MECHANICAL TYPOGRAPHER.

N0. 81,000. Patented Aug. 11, 1868.

Invento'r: Witnss-eu h i 53 gum git m.-

JOHN PRATT; OF GREs'fivI Ls. ALABAMA.

Letters Patent 1%. 81,000, dated Augit'st 11, 1868.

IMPROVEMIRH MBOHANIOAL TYPOGBAPEB'BB,

TC- sm: WHOM "IT MAY oosfcsnm Bsit known-that], 3011s Pas'n, ofGrenville, in'thoStetQ oi Mahatma, havsinrented s new and main! IMschinsfor writing-withfrype, which Lstylo the Pterotypei and I dohereby deolsre that the following is s full, clear, and onsetdescription of the construction and operation of the same, referencebeing had to the annexed Gratings, making; port of the speoifiestionflnwhiel 1-- I Fi'gnre 1. is splan of the machine,- with tl'istop of thefrsmerA' removed.

Figure 2 is a front elevation, .v

Figure 8 is 1 longitudinal vertical ssctioii on the line 2 z, fig. 1.

Figure 4i: sseotion on the line z', fig. 1, showing the opposite side ofthemoohine.

Eignrsfi is 5 plan of the lovers and oscillating-rods. I

Fignre 6 represents the typs-plsts 'snci contiguous parts, I

Three operations are reqnisits for s machine for writing withtype;firlgit is assessor-y" to bring s niunber of type. in srbitrarysuccession. to one common ooiut; second; to form n eorresponiiitglegible impression s: that point; third, to food or more the paperacross said common point, so as to make the proper intervsls betweenletters and words. I I 1 For those machines which do not write on anendless-strip of-psper,-bnt bees: and forth, so as to farm psgss, sdevice is also necessary for bringing the paper hack to its startirig-point, sml at the some time moving it in a, direction at rightsng leswith'the lilies, so ssto make the req'nisite distances between saidlinss.- These spew tions are performed in my msohine in the followingnxannor:

The fume A A of the machine is eoustruoted of wood, the port A, beingsecured to the psrtA. by s tQllQ! sud-mortise joint and screw, or by ngroove, 4, so that they nay. be reeclily sepsrstsd for sdjostmsnt. B isa hosrti 'egrtending across the lower part of the fume-A, sud serving asan attachment for vsrious parts of the mechsnisiix. B is o ky boardsecured to the frame A. O is s seriss of wooden levers strung np'omswire, I),-

attscherl lotheksy-hosrd in buckets, a. Levin-s1) worknponriotkbearings, and may be weightedsto'ns-eust with lead weights, c,and are preferably steadied with guide-pins, flittached to the lreyhos'r kl, sad'iisssis'g through. grooves, g, funnel! in their ends.Lsvers G sre'oparated by keys, D, working in holes formed in thekfoyJmord, Ind resting upon or afired to said levers. If aliixedjo theloverskthey', will act as guides, and tho gains-pins may be dispensedwith. Bars, E, fsooli with cloth, is, servo to limit the movement of thelevers. O. 7 The firstthree operations of my' nisehino are performedthrough the said keys pus levors 0, tin two levers Y and W, on the righthand of the mschine, being emgloyell for the fourth opers'tioni' I willnondescribe how, ssid keys and levers 'brin'g it nnhxlier-ohtjpe' to theshine 'pinh The type sre formed in ralisfi'in parallel rows on a metalplate, I, having s tail-piece, for attachment to a vertical rod, G,

, operated by two 'oscillstisg-rods, H I, furnished with projections, Iti; The was H I worl: in cloth-lined hearings in frame A, and extondscrcss .tl sfrirme, above the lersrs G, by whiehthsy ars oseillated.Topno of the injections, 7a, of the rod H, the vertical rod G issttaiohed, hysmesns of 'gn' Indis-ruhber joi nt, j, whiah'sllows itmotion in all directions. Tho bsek qf thetype-pl'ato is slightly pressedby 'ony suitable spring, 1, against s' mstol bar, k, restingin acloth-liner socket, which bar sorvosss support for theplate whilereceiving theblo'ws I of thshsmmer .1. When opsrateti bythepscillntingwod saidflplste umves only in s-verticslzdirection, the

'izorizonts'l movement being sommnniented by the oscillating-rod I andbell-crank lever K. The lever K works in cloth-lined hearings i n thgblock m, and is conneotd with the red I by the wire link it, and withthe rod G- hy the wire link a, seidlinlrs working in India-rubberjoints, 2. The employment of the link o-prevo nts the horisonlsl andvorticsl movements ofro d G frsm interfering. with each other, so thatif the plate F is moved by only one of the osoillnting-rods H I, itsmovement is horizbntsl or vertical, according to the lever employed;Ifboth rods on moral? st the some timo, themovsment of the plate isdiagonal, 5nd by varying their relative smonnt of movement, thedirection and amount of movement of plate F vary in a .OOtlG-IPOhdiBBratio. This rs ristil m is efl'ect'ell bymesn's of the oiijssting-sercwsfifimlag throughlovers 0, and ranged under, the psojections hi i of theoscillating-rods H I. Tho position and adjustment-of these screws in anygiven lever are determined by the particular character pertaining tothat lever. Thus the typo-plate, when stationary, having its centreopposite the point oi tho hammer J, the letter N, on the plate, is belowand to the right of the impression-point, and must move upwards and tothe left to reach it. The lever controlling N must therefore befurnished with a screw under the projection a" of the rod H,and',;inothcr screw under projection 1 of the rod 1. The depression ofthe key N and corresponding lever causes the said screws to strike saidprojection, and the type-plate to move upward, and to the left, adistance determined by the protection of said scrcw. The necessaryadjustment to give the precise direction and distance which theplatemast be moved in order to bring a type to the common point, isobtuioedhy turning the screws :r, which is done by applying a key totheir heads, y. Elie typo-plate is stopped when lt -has reached nocommon point, and returned to its stationary position, when the key isreleased by the springs q q, r1, which press the vellum-hinged tonguesas t t against the fixed projections 12 v, which projections prevent thesprings from pressing against e'schfothcr. The pins w w lifted in thooscillating-rod H 1', pass through holes :kin board B, and between thesaid tongues, so that the movement oi said rods, and therefore of'thetypo-pldte, is, resisted in all directionsv Instcatb'ofhaving anadjusting-screw under only one of the projections of e rods H I for eachof the levers 0, each of said levers C may hab/c scrcws under both of.said projections, to stopping as well as moving the said rods, whicharrangemcnt may be employed, if desired:,,in conjunction w' the springsq q r r.

Instead of operating both oscillating-rods H I y one of the levers C,each of said rods may be moved by a eeparote lever, so as to render itnecessary to do ress two keys to bringe. given character to the commonpoint. In this arrangement, if the characters on' the type-plate arearranged in the form of a square, so that each row, vertical andlateral, shall have the same numbcr of characters, the number of keysnecessary to be employed will be only twice the square root of thenumber-of characters. For example, if there are sixty-four charactermranged in eight vertical and eight horizontal rows, each of tholevers C will control one line, instead of i one character, and'thenumber-ct keys rcquired'will be only sixteen. This arrangement requiresno ohange'i-n the construction of the machine, but only of adjustment.For convenience, the keys Daud levers C are proforably-errongedin twosets, one on each side of the keyboard, and the oscillatingrods- H Imaybe placed end to and on the same line, instead of. parallel to eachother, and each extend only half-the lateral space occupied "by thelovorcC. I The'parts immediately controlling the typc-plato may also bemodified in form and arrangement. The typeplatemay be attaqhedtc theapex-of e triangular frame, the other angles of which are attnchedghymeans of 7" universal one to each rod'HI; or it may be fixed to one endof a short radial rod, the othr end of which is attached to frame A by auniversal joint, and giving to said plate a limited movement in'nnydirection in a sphericnl plane, the said rod being moved by a system oflinks and levers similar to that already described. v

My machine is equally applicable to stonographic characters az'to thosein common use. For stonographic characters, a single relief figure maybe employed, ofvshch a form that, by bringing any part of said form tothe common point, a great variety of characters may be produced. Iemploy for my atonograp'hic plats afigure s of this or any equivalentform, which, being movcdtovariou's distances, and in diii'crentdircctions, gives a corresponding number of characters; as, for example,1' .L L L. itc- By addings figure 0r figu e of any equivalent shape, asthc'num'ber of characters may be multiplied at will.

To produce a legible impression, I employ a hammer, J, which, theinstant after a type has reached the proper position, otrikesup'on it,and presses against it a sheet or shoots of carbonized andwriting-paper, held incontccbbetwecn said hammer and the type-plate.Hammer J is constructed preferably of metal, and carriesin agroove'formed in'its-head, 2, 2:. small square pin, c aiso preferably ofmetal, and faced with skin., The pin a is secured by thc-sot-sore v b,which serves to adjust the pin, so that by being caused to project moreor less, its face may coincide vertically with -the type-plate, thelateral adjustment of said hammer-face being efi'ected by the screw 11,,which secures the hammer in any intend position to which it may beturned'cn its stem. Hammer) worksin cloth-linedliol es, e, formed .inprojections in the ber L. The hammer is operated by the rod hinged on acentre wire in the grooved block a, fixed to its butt, and havinga'cutob, 6, its other ond. This catch engages an erm, c, projecting fromthe middle of the oscillating-rod M, which, when .a key is depressed,retracts the hammer from the type-plate against thelndin rubberspl'ingd, and lets it slip when the key is depressed through its fullmovement. The arm 1: is so shaped as to have an eccentric movement, themoment when it pushes the rod 9 oil the catch bbeing determined thoecr'ew i, which passes through said rod, and impinges against the faceof the arm a. A lend-sleight, j,- or a suitable spring, causes the catch12 to clip back to its position when the osciliatiug-rod'M.ia'lls buckto'it's place. The rod H works in bearings, k,v and rests 'onprojections i of tho' levcrs-Qby which it is operated The saidIndia-rubber spring dacts on the rod'g, by means of the movable tongueor lever 9', against which the projection'v is pressed shed the hammeris retracted. The'tongue g is stopped by the block as, which preventsthe hammer from being pressed against tlic type-plate' when stationary,the latter part of the movement of said hammer-beingaccomplished. by itsimpetus, Instead of operating the hammer by a spring, as described, itmay-be thrown against the plate directly, by'the depression of a lever,after the manner of a piano-forte hummer. In this case, the rodcorrespending to the "sticker" of 'a piano-forte, should be of such alength that the slow depreasicn'of a key will not carry the hammer quitein contact with the type-plate F, the latter part of the movementbti'ngaccomplished by impetus, and said rod must also terminate, at itsupper or lower end, in a spring of any convenient form, said arrangementbeing necessary to broalt the suddenness o't thekey-strolls, and allowthe vibration of 3119 P ho common'poiut, to subside before the stroke ofthe hammer.

In order to feed the paper flaring the progrossoi' the writing, it ishold in a clamp, 0,,formed of thin slips of wood, bound together layIndia-rubber cords, j', an l opened by pressure on their margins, k".Thisclamp roots in forks no in the frame P, from which it may be readilyremoved for 11 fresh sheet of paper. Frame-P slides in grooves in rt,formed in the upper-an l lon'or sides of the frame 0,. Frame 1 is movedfrom right to left by the square or tripngulnr tnctul roll R, rotatingin bearings forinoll in hoaril B nnd the upper part of frame Aflendfurnishoil with a pulley,S, an esoapernont-wheol, T, and pinion, o, Thepulley S slides freely on'rotl R, rotating with it, and is connectedwith frame P by the cords p. The rod R is rotated, undthoframc P movedby means of tho India-rubber spring u, attached at one end to n fixcclhook, and at the other to a. lover, a, furnished with a curved rock. 6,'gonrml with pinion 0"; l The inovcmont oi the whole is regulated by theescapcmont-whocl and crutch U. 3 Urotph U is opernterl'throughthc link anml arm (2', by the oscillating-rod M, is complete oac'illutionot thopallet: looking the interval between two characters, which oscillationis' efl'ecteu by striking and rel coring o. key. When it is dceiroll tocause the paper to move without an impression being moxie, it ia'onlyrequisite to depress to key through o. portion of its movement, thewhole movement not being reguisite to release a tooth ofthcuscnpcmcnbwhchl, To cause the frame I to return to its starting-pointwhen a line has boon-completed, the two-levers, Y nod-W, :trcemployed,The lever'W is furnished with an arm, k, connected by linl; i'tvithhcil-cronlt' lovcr X, working in grooved. block' P. The lever X isconnected by onother lining", with the later It. The lever it, workingon the vellum-hinge Z, supports at one end the stud m, in

which tho-crutch U'oscillates. While the cscupcment is in. operation,the lever k is pressed by the spring 12 .Wptho pawl w leoves tllc'rockfree, so that frame An additional lever and key may be employed, and theescspement:

against the arm o, the screw p serving to adjust its distance fromtheescapement-whoel. When u. line-of writing has been finisher], thelover W is depressed and by the action of the arm It, link i, bell-cranklover Xfimd liukj', the lover k, and with it'tho crutch and, pellets,are withdrawn fror'n the escapement-whecl. Thc escapemont wheel beingthus freotl, the-lever Yis depressed, \vliioh, through the verticallink-rod q, operators the hell -crank lover 1". The lever 1r niorosthelcver a, and the curved rock b',' ongngod with pinion a, reverses themovement oi" the 0a B and cnusca the frame I? to return to theright-hand side of the frame Q. The distance between the lines is madeby thelercr W,-in the some movement usthnt by which it frees theescopement-wheeh This it-cloeo by rslsing the-lin'k-rod fileror t, andpawl u. The pawl is kept from falling into the rock 11, pfixcd to frameQ, by the shoulder w, against which it is pressed by tho Indio-rubberspring 2: The velev'nthm of lever i morea the purl it forward, on trollas upward, until it engages the rock 1:, when it moves the frame Q andthe contuined frame P the distanco'o'f otooth, linking the intervalbetween two lines,-,the frame Q at the Esme time carrying up the pulleyS. The frame. slides injgr ooves, m, being rctuined t any height byfriction applied by the button 9 and screw 12,, or by 'e' snitnhlespring. Op releasing the key controlling the lever Q mny be lowered atany stage of the writing.

nod for raising the frame Q, may be varied. wheel freed, the rod Rreversed, and the frame Q clevntcdby soparstolkeys, without :1 materialalteration in the construction and arrangement of parts. Also the pinion0 may he placed nt tha-upper end of rod R, and the reek-lever a" at thetop of the fro no A, so that the belhcrnnk lever P and the lover t mayworlgin the some centre".

Having thus fully doscril Jd my invention, and the nianncr of operatingthc some I 1. I claim the oscillatingn-ods H I, constructedanri'oparoting substantially no audio! the purpose set forth.

2. I claim theodjusting screws 1:, substantiztlly ss arranged, and forthe purpose set forth.

3. I claim the rod G, the hcll cra-nk lover K,links o n, andIndia-rubber joints 2, constructed, arranged,

and operating substantially as described 4. I claim the roll g andoscillatingrod. M, tongue suhstuntihlly as kind for the purpose setforth. v x p 5. I claim the rod R, escnpemont-whocl T, crutch U, link a,and arm d, rod M, and pulley S, arranged and constructed substantiallyas and for the purpose described.

6, I cleimtho pinion o, lerer a, end attached curved rnckb, frame P andclamp o constructd, arranged, combined, and operating set forth. v a

'4'. I claim the frame Q, sliding in grooves m, rock v, the lever t,link-rod a, pawl u, and lover W, conattracted, arranged, and operatingsubstantially as and for the purpose set forth. v

B. I claim the lever k, spring it, link j, bell-crank lover I, linkj,arm k, and lover W, or their equivalente, arranged, combir drnndoperating substantially as described. I JOHN PRATT Tho apparatus forbringing book the frnmo P fore ncrr line,

'g anti spring (1, constructed, operated, and arranged spring 14,bcll-crunk lever r, uml rod 9, substantially as; and for the purposeWitnesses: Erma! GILBY,

